A Biography of Indian Yellow Essay Example for Free

A Farewell to Arms essays

A Farewell to Arms expositions A Farewell to Arms, by Earnest Hemingway, is an extraordinary novel about the agonies of life including the incredible distress that accompanies loosing those you love. Frederic Henry, the hero of the story, is an American Lieutenant in the Italian Army during the First World War. This reality is huge in realizing why this book was composed on the grounds that Earnest Hemingway, an American, really drove ambulances for the Italian Army during the war. Consequently, one could securely say that this book is to some degree a depiction of Hemingways own encounters during the war. The hole between humanitys honorable words and its disgraceful deeds was never more clear than during World War I. Thus the war serves splendidly as the setting for Hemingways tale of adoration and thwarted expectation. The story starts in the late spring of 1915. This is about the time that Italy joined the war. The beginning spot is a city named Gorizia situated in Northeastern Italy close to the front with Austria-Hungary. This is the place Frederic lives alongside the remainder of the officials. As the story creates, Frederic winds up in a wide range of urban communities and towns, up and down the Italian-Austrian front. The story finishes in the pre-summer of 1918 not in Italy but instead in Lausanne, Switzerland. Hemingways decision of Italy as his setting fortifies his topic. One purpose behind its viability is that Italy was the place Hemingway filled in as a rescue vehicle driver: he knew its territory and its military history well indeed. Italy is likewise a setting that fu rther exhibits the incongruities of war. To the vast majority of the world, France was the place the genuine war was occurring; even today our recollections of World War I are drawn fundamentally from the Western front. Italy was, as Henry says, the pleasant front. However in this pleasant land men are being butchered by the many thousands. What better time and spot could serve for Frederic Henrys goodbye to arms? The epic sta... <! A Farewell to Arms articles For the duration of history, life has comprised of this: the epic fight the skirmish of good and underhandedness, from which every other clash develop. This hidden factor has been put inside writing since the start of composing. From that point to now, books have been founded on the result of good and malice. In the cutting edge books by Ernest Hemmingway, the fight turns into the background of each story. His epic A Farewell to Arms, is an extraordinary case of how this fight is played out. In the story the characters battle to adapt to the truth that is the fight among great and detestable, good and bad, expectation and catastrophe. Great, malevolent, right, and wrong go connected at the hip, however expectation and catastrophe are the outcomes of these happenings. Each tale follows a similar perfect of contention, some more than others. In the novel A Farewell to Arms, the skirmish of good and underhandedness penetrates the characters, just as the setting of the story. The principle character, Fredrick Henry, winds up fighting the powers of good and malevolence start to finish. Fredrick battles nearby the Italians in the main universal war. The Italians are on the Allies of this war, doing combating against the powers of underhandedness, the culprits of the war, who are Germans and Austrians. As a rescue vehicle driver, he hears the weapons, rides into their rage, and gets the aftereffects of their pandemonium. Ordinary this situation plays out and along these lines lands him in the grasp of good and underhandedness, life and demise. Into this chaos of death and pity that is war, he discovers expectation and lo ve in the character of Catherine. Catherine, a beautiful British attendant, is to Henry an explanation behind expectation in what was before an expectation spurned scene. At the point when he is sent to battle in the fields, his likely arrangements for being with Catherine are gobbled up in this new miserable scene. While taking a minor break and eating some cheddar, he is struck by a shell. It perpetrates enormous leg harm. As he comes back from ... <! A Farewell to Arms papers Demise is simply part of life, it is all over the place. Any place you go a person or thing is kicking the bucket. It is genuinely the one thing as individuals that we can't stop, even as hard as we attempt passing will come. In the long run, everyone will kick the bucket, the main inquiry is when will we bite the dust. In the book A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway, he utilizes passing relentless, from representing demise or through an episode. Hemingway represents passing through a downpour of things. At whatever point it is pouring it normally is telling that some is passing on of considering demise. For instance, Catherine is disclosing to Fredrick why she is so terrified of the downpour, Im scared of the downpour on the grounds that occasionally I see me dead in it. Likewise, And at times I see you dead in it (126). The downpour represents demise cause the main thing Catherine can find in the downpour is Fredrick and herself in it. To numerous individuals on the planet downpour is brings demise, from floodings, storms and at times tornadoes. So one can perceive how she can fear downpour. Before all else if the book fall brings passing reason that is the point at which the war was going on. Another model is when Fredrick says, At the beginning of the winter came the perpetual downpour and with the downpour cam the cholera. In any case, it was checked and at long last just 7,000 passed on of it in the military (4). When t he downpour came and individuals began to kick the bucket. Despite the fact that it wasnt individuals executing individuals, however a malady slaughtering individuals. After Fredricks spouse and child had kicked the bucket, when he was stating his last farewell to his better half. Sooner or later I went out and left the medical clinic and strolled back to the inn in the downpour (332). He strolled back in the downpour, it just shows that after death it was pouring. It was coming down and it brought demise the Fredricks spouse and child. In this book, downpour is an incredible item. Hemingway likewise just tells about various occurrences that happen that shows demise. Fredrick and two or three othe ... <! A goodbye to arms articles A genuine American great, A Farewell to Arms is the remarkable story of an American emergency vehicle driver on the Italian front and his longing for a lovely English medical attendant. Hemingways composing causes one to feel bursting at the seams with his rich detail Henry persuades himself he didn't cherish Catherine Barkley nor had any thought of adoring her. This was a game, similar to connect, in which you made statements as opposed to playing a card game. Hemingway's consistent with life adaptation of the adoration between Frederic Henry, first lieutenant in the Italian armed force and Catherine Barkley, an English Red Cross attendant, trapped in the tides of war. Henry is hit in the leg with a channel mortar shell as they were battling against Austria-Hungarians; fortunately they move him to Milan, a similar spot that Catherine is going. After his leave and recuperating time in the emergency clinic he was to return to battling with the men walking in the downpour, ravenous, exhausted and having no assurance left to help themselves. Henry returns in time for the incredible retreat from the Austrians and Germans, the Italian powers become scattered and disorderly. To get away from the main way out is to shoot a specialist sergeant under his order to abandon the war. Following that he plunges into the stream to get away. Henry discovers Catherine in Stresa. With the assistance of the Italian barkeep, they getaway to Switzerland in a little vessel and attempt to overlook the war. Everything is great until Catherine starts giving birth and things decrease and go horrendously wrong....... An account of affection torment, devotion and departure, A Farewell to Arms, a milestone for perusing. ... <! A Farewell to Arms papers Frederic Henry, an American emergency vehicle driver and a lieutenant (tenente) in the Italian armed force, is the storyteller and hero of the novel. The focal point of the novel spins around his affection with Catherine Barkley just as his consistent frustration with the war. Henry is described at first by a kind of separation from life-however all around taught and agreeable, he feels as though he has nothing to do with the war. These sentiments of separation are driven away when Henry experiences passionate feelings for Catherine and starts to understand the antagonistic idea of the world. Thusly, Henry serves the capacity of a character who becomes started in Hemingway's way of thinking of an impassive universe and man's battle against it. Catherine Barkley is an English attendant serving at the Italian front. Because of the inconvenient passing of a fianc past to the occasions of this book, Catherine has just been started into Hemingway's way of thinking, and epitomizes the characteristics of the Hemingway code saint all through the novel. She is described basically by her negligence for social shows just as an unflinching commitment to Henry. A companion of Henry's, the youthful cleric of the division is portrayed by his capacity to keep up confidence in God close by a skepticism with respect to the war. The cleric frequently fills in as guide to Henry, disclosing to him the contrast among affection and desire just as the worthlessness of the war. In spite of having confidence, the minister is a decent character in the novel since his faith in God comes from a conscious decision; it isn't utilized to escape from the world. Henry's flat mate, Rinaldi is a specialist at the Italian front and frequently fills in as foil to both the cleric and Henry. Where the cleric is worried about higher qualities, Rinaldi looks for sure fire delights and exotic connections. Like Henry, however, Rinaldi in the end comes to understand the purposelessness of the war and his own activities (to fix up the injured uniquely to send them bac... <! A Farewell to Arms papers In Hemingways book, A Farewell to Arms, there are numerous ethical exercises to be educated. One of the essential exercises is to be arranged and expect the unforeseen. Numerous cases in the novel help this thought. For example, the principle character, Frederic Henry, never dreams that he will begin to look all starry eyed at Catherine Barkley. From the outset, he just wishes to utilize her and take bit of leeway of her circumstance, yet later, he starts to look past his indecent wants and really love

Do you build Bridge or Fence

Do you build Bridge or Fence Once upon a time two brothers, who lived on adjoining farms, fell into conflict. It was the first serious rift in 40 years of farming side by side, sharing machinery, and trading labor and goods as needed without a conflict.Then the long collaboration fell apart. It began with a small misunderstanding and it grew into a major difference, and finally it exploded into an exchange of bitter words followed by weeks of silence.One morning there was a knock on the older brothers door. He opened it to find a man with a carpenter’s tool box. “I’m looking for a few days’ work.” he said. “Perhaps you would have a few small jobs here and there I could help with?”“Yes.” said the older brother. “I do have a job for you. Look across the creek at that farm. That’s my neighbor; in fact, it’s my younger brother. Last week there was a meadow between us and he took his bulldozer to the river levee and now there is a creek between us. Well, he may have done this to spite me, b ut I’ll do him one better.”“See that pile of lumber by the barn? I want you to build me a fence â€"an 8-foot fence â€" so I won’t need to see his place or his face anymore.”The carpenter said, “I think I understand the situation. Show me the nails and the post-hole digger and I’ll be able to do a job that pleases you.”The older brother had to go to town, so he helped the carpenter get the materials ready and then he was off for the day.The carpenter worked hard all that day measuring, sawing, nailing. About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job.The farmer’s eyes opened wide, his jaw dropped. There was no fence there at all. It was a bridge â€" a bridge stretching from one side of the creek to the other! A fine piece of work, handrails and all â€" and the neighbor, his younger brother, was coming toward them, his arms outstretched â€"  â€œYou are quite a fellow to build this bridge after all I’ve said and done.”The two brothers stood at each end of the bridge, and then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hand.They turned to see the carpenter hoist his toolbox onto his shoulder.“No, wait! Stay a few days. I’ve a lot of other projects for you,” said the older brother.“I’d love to stay on,” the carpenter said, but I have many more bridges to build.Author Unknown

Elie Wiesel A Holocaust Survivor - 723 Words

â€Å"I only know that without this testimony, my life as a writer--or my life, period-- would not become what it is: that of a witness who believes he has a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory† (Wiesel, Night viii). As a result of the horrors that Elie Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, he devoted his life to become meaningful. Wiesel’s decent disposition changes through atrociously inhumane conduct toward Jews during the Holocaust as he becomes a brute to solidify identity, levy fears, and boost morale. Before his arrival in Auschwitz, Wiesel identified himself as a devout Jew training in his studies of Kabbalah. When he first arrived at the camp, he refuses to eat his first prison meal, but he later regrets this decision as he realizes that â€Å"[he] was terribly hungry and swallowed [his] ration on the spot† (Wiesel, Night 44). Wiesel had to eat whenever food is available because if not, he would no longer be the devout, young Jew he was prior to the camp. A dentist was assigned to take out gold crowns for Germany’s benefit, but Wiesel intentionally avoided losing his gold crown because â€Å"it could be useful to [him] one day, to buy something, some break or even time to live† (Wiesel, Night 52). As Wiesel started to lose his identity, he needed to hold on to anything he has, which is similar to the behavior of brutes because civilized humans do not take potentially dangerousShow MoreRelatedElie Wiesel as a Survivor of the Holocaust2000 Words   |  8 Pa gescamps during the Holocaust. This started when the Nazi party established a â€Å"Final Solution† that sought out to eradicate the inferior Jewish race from Germany and the world (â€Å"Holocaust†). A person cannot look at this event and see nothing except for the dark, evil side of human nature. However, if a person looks at the Holocaust from a survivor’s point of view, they can see the good side of human nature, especially if someone looks at it from Elie Wiesel’s perspective. Elie Wiesel and his family wereRead MoreElie Wiesel : The Survivor Of The Holocaust2445 Words   |  10 Pagesloss of a loved one. However, some experiences are more devastating than others. Each survivor has his/her way of coping with the trauma and maintaining sanity. Elie Wiesel, one the survivors of the Holocaust, gives us some insight into dealing with extremely difficult experiences. He spent a year imprisoned in the Auschwitz and Buchenwald concentration camps, the same camps where he lost all his family members (Wiesel 15). After his liberation, he moved to France where he learned French and studiedRead More Elie Wiesel Holocaust Survivor Essay2497 Words   |  10 PagesElie Wiesel Holocaust Survivor As war broke out in Europe during 1939, no one could either imagine or believe the terror that Adolf Hitler would soon bring to the lives of Jewish people. Drawing from his paranoia and a drive for a world Nazi power, Hitler singled out the Jews as the cause for problems in Germany and began to carry out his plan for the destruction of a part of humanity. Hitler not only persecuted the Jews of Germany, but he also targeted the Jews in Poland and other parts ofRead MoreWiesel s Experience Of Injustice During The Holocaust984 Words   |  4 Pagescommonly know as the Holocaust. The Holocaust began in 1933 when Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany (Rosenberg). Among the few hundred survivors was Elie Wiesel. Wiesel was only fifteen years old when him and his family were deported to a concentration camp. His mother, father and younger sister were all killed within the camp, but Wiesel and his two older sisters were able to survive. After his traumatizing experience, Wiesel stood up f or others who were being oppressed. Elie Wiesel fought injusticesRead MoreThe Destruction Of The Holocaust1203 Words   |  5 Pagespreventing it. Elie Wiesel’s fulfilled his purpose of showing the heinous crimes of the Holocaust through the change of characterization of Elie before, during and after the events of Wiesel s 1940 memoir-Night. The Holocaust is remembered as a stain on history, where a massive genocide occurred. but we must also recognize the souls and personalities that were killed and burned. Wiesel trembling hands picked up these ashes, personifying their ebony remains into a young child-Elie. For every soulRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Night In Night By Elie Wiesel920 Words   |  4 Pages This proves true for the survivors of the holocaust, they now have the power to stop things like this from happening ever again. For Elie Wiesel, this is especially true, after he survived he went on to write the book â€Å"Night†, this book has really helped people to understand what truly happened and to gain respect for the survivors; he also went on to win a number of awards, including the nobel peace prize. In the book â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel, our main character, Elie, changes through the traumatizingRead MoreThe Psychological Association Of Night By Elie Wiesel1285 Words   |  6 Pages2008). With this definition in mind, it no surprise that the Holocaust is one of the most traumatic events in history. Millions upon millions of people either lost their own lives, or watched the lives of their loved ones be taken right in front of their eyes. Many survivors so lemnly admit that the hardest deaths to watch were those of children. In fact, an estimated 1.5 million children were killed during the tragedy (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, 2016). However, one cannot help but wonderRead MoreNight By Elie Wiesel Analysis764 Words   |  4 Pages with my own eyes†¦ children thrown into the flames.† (Wiesel 32). The previous sentence is a quote from Elie Wiesel’s memoir, Night. Wiesel’s memoir is a first person account of a survivor of the Holocaust that occurred between 1933-1945. Over six million Jews were placed in concentration camps and murdered during this time period. Less than one percent of the Jews in the holocaust survived, but Elie Wiesel was one of the very few survivors. He lived on to tell his story of the pain and sufferingRead MoreElie Wiesel s The Holocaust1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe Holocaust appeared to be a time of darkness and it seemed like on Earth and in heaven, each doorway of humani ty, empathy, and kindness had been closed down. Those who did not encounter the Holocaust cannot begin to comprehend what it was like, however, those who did cannot begin to express it. Torture, genocide, and cruel acts started to fill brains and souls. The Holocaust was an event where millions of people were being murdered during World War II. The memoir, Night by Elie Wiesel is basedRead MoreEssay on Literary Insperation of the Holocaust1664 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Insperation of the Holocaust Why do the survivors of such a tragic event such as the Holocaust want to remember those horrifying times by writing about memories that most people would only want to forget? I will show, Weisel has talked about, and as others have written, that the victims of the holocaust wrote about their experiences not only to preserve the history of the event, but so that those who were not involved and those who did survive can understand what really happened.

I Chose Msg Ad My Legacy Leader - 861 Words

Retired MSG John Landale Ada is the older of two sons and was born in Watertown, N.Y. on February 18, 1967. He graduated from Indian River Central High School in Philadelphia, New York in 1986. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Utica College of Syracuse University in 1991. He joined the Army in 1994 where he met his wife, Brooke, while both were attending Advance Individual Training for Intelligence Analysts at Fort Huachuca. After serving seven years in the Army and being stationed in multiple installations, he was then assigned at 1st Special Forces Group (Airborne) as an Intelligence analyst in the All Source Production Section (ASPS). He served multiple leadership position while being stationed in 1st Special Forces Group(1SFG). I met MSG Ada when I was stationed at 1SFG as a Human Intelligence NCO back in 2007. I was just a sergeant at that time and was a little bit intimidated that my first line supervisor was MSG Ada, my Legacy Leader. I chose MSG Ada as my legacy leader because he molded me into the Senior Leader that I am now. MSG Ada is an exceptional leader that is well known in the chain of command. He is a well respected leader in the Special Forces community, even though he is not a green beret. He was able to earn the trust and confidence of his superior and his peers. I was so amazed that his analytical and planning skills were highly sought out in 1SFG. He demonstrated his excellent technical skills and respected by many

Materials Management Proposal Free Essays

Materials and operations management play a crucial role in the success of any organization. Of particular importance to the materials and operations divisions is management’s complete understanding of the hospitals functions as a whole entity. After reading this paper, one will understand the importance of materials management and operations management as well as how both departments must work together to ensure the hospital runs efficiently and maintains profitability. We will write a custom essay sample on Materials Management Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, one will also understand the importance of a supply chain and possible constraints to the implementation of the process. Additionally, one will understand the effects of a new collaborative planning process and why such a process is beneficial to the hospital. Finally, suggestions will be given to enable the hospital to manage the supply chain in situations of disaster. Role of Materials and Operations Management Materials management is perhaps the most important part of health care as â€Å"total expenditures can total nearly 50% of a hospital’s budget† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 41). Materials managers are held responsible for many functions. However, the most important attribute a materials manager must possess is coordination. â€Å"Materials management directs the healthcare supply chain by coordinating the flow of goods from manufacturers, through distributors, through hospital receiving docks, to the point of ultimate use or consumption† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 242). Operations management is another important function of a hospital. Healthcare operations management is the quantitative management of the supporting business systems and processes that transform resources (or inputs) into healthcare services (outputs)† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 6). Just as materials managers have many functions and goals, so too do operations managers. Key functions of the operations manager include â€Å"workflow, physical layout, capacity design, physical network optimization, staffing levels, productivity management, supply chain and logistics management, quality management, and process engineering† (Langabeer, 2008, p. ). Goals of the operations manager include reducing costs, reducing variability and improving logistics flow, improving productivity, improving the quality of customer service, and continuously improving business processes (Langabeer, 2008). However, the most important goal operations managers must strongly consider when implementing a materials management plan is reducing costs. Operations managers have many opportunities to reduce costs. Costs can be reduced by analyzing budgets, tracking resources, and finding ways to reduce product and services costs. â€Å"Finding waste, improving utilization, and generally stabilizing and reducing the overall cost of delivering services are essential functions† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 9). The most effective way for operations managers to reduce costs is to record all aspects of the organization and periodically review progress either monthly or quarterly. A hospital with appropriate tracking and management systems will be much more likely to reduce costs because it understands the underlying cost structure† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 9). A few ways materials management influences operations management are as follows: â€Å"the nature of the activities† in the materials management department â€Å"is actually quite operational, they have an impact on downstream departments and patient satisfaction, they are labor-intensive processes, and many times they draw from the s ame labor talent pool† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 244). Constraints to the Supply Chain Constraints are inevitable and every organization is prone to them whether the organization is in the manufacturing sector or service sector. A few constraints hospitals face include â€Å"managing supply levels, higher labor costs, space constraints, and multiple product classifications† (Sentient Health, 2007). Considering the above constraints, the main goal of both operations and materials managers is to reduce costs. The most beneficial way for hospitals to overcome constraints as well as reduce costs is to automate the supply chain. Supply automation is the use of technology to streamline inventory, consumption, charging and ordering procedures. Examples of this include the use of bar codes or radio frequency identification to identify and track inventory as it moves throughout the supply chain† (Sentient Health, 2007, p. 2). However before implementation can begin, the hospital must evaluate the advantages of automation as well as t he factors the hospital must consider when deciding to implement such a system. According to Sentient Health (2007), the advantages of automation include â€Å"reduced manual effort, greater information accuracy, improved inventory performance, improved cash flow, improved space utilization, and improved purchasing decisions† (p. 3). While understanding the benefits of such a system is important to the process, knowing which areas the system will have an effect on is detrimental to the hospitals implementation success. Factors to consider before implementing such a system include â€Å"mobility, ease of use, cost/budget/objectives, flexibility/ease of integration, and reporting† (Sentient Health, 2007, p. 3). Effects and Justification of a New Collaborative Planning Process Although automation is one option for the hospital to reduce costs and improve supply chains, other options such as sales and operations planning (SOP) and collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment (CPFR). The main focus of SOP is to coordinate demand and supply with the intention of increasing the hospital’s profitability (Langabeer, 2008). To ensure the SOP process is successful, the hospitals operations management must focus on four key principles: (1) provide a common base of information around the immediate market dynamics; (2) manage supply chain performance; (3) manage product portfolios collaboratively; and (4) create business plans and scenarios in which departments can share. According to Langabeer (2008), â€Å"benefits from the SOP process include better cross-functional alignment, gap analysis, more efficient resource planning, and more effective use of promotional resources† (p. 338). CPFR is another option available to the hospital. â€Å"CPFR seeks to improve the relationship between retailers and suppliers with the intent to achieve full collaboration and improve the sharing of information around consumer point-of-sales data through the retail supply chain to improve overall chain performance† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 338). The main difference between CPFR and the other two options available to reduce costs and improve supply chains is a set of guidelines operations managers must follow during implementation. The guidelines are as follows: (1) share a common philosophy among all parties of implementation; (2) operations managers must use specific definitions and detail into the business process; (3) operations managers must ensure data resulting from the process is precise, easily accessible, and understood completely by all parties taking part in the process. Finally, for CPFR to be successful, milestones must be set. Particular milestones of importance to the hospital â€Å"include an improvement in forecasting accuracy, improvements in customer service levels or fill rates to providers, increased product line availability, reduction of inventory levels, and generally better financial cash flows† (Langabeer, 2008, p. 340-341). Coping in a Disaster Situation Disaster situations are difficult to plan for because disasters are unpredictable. However, materials and operations managers must understand the implications a disaster situation has on the hospital as well as ways to effectively handle such a situation to ensure patient safety, customer satisfaction, and profitability remain a priority. Richey (2009) refers to a pyramid when discussing supply chains in disaster situations. The composition of the pyramid includes the following tiers: capstone-resource management; left-facing front corner-collaboration, which is based on the relationship management theory; right-facing front corner-communication, which is based on communication theory; and back corner-contingency planning, which is based on the competing values theory. According to Richey (2009, p. 621), he interconnection† of the above principles include â€Å"(1) finding ways to effectively partner and develop improving collaborative relationships built of long-term commitment; (2) fostering information development and exchange for facilitating strategic planning based in limited safeguarding; and (3) developing contingency programs that incorporate the flexibility for responding to the inevitable changes in expected events while pursuing sometimes inconsistent goals. Conclusion  Materials and operations management work hand-in-hand to ensure the hospital runs as efficiently as possible. Furthermore, understanding all aspects of the supply chain will ensure materials and operations managers are readily equipped to deal with situations of disaster. However, operations and materials managers must understand the importance of such a concept. Understanding how to handle such a situation will ensure materials and operations managers the ability to maintain order as well as patient safety and continued profitability. How to cite Materials Management Proposal, Essay examples

Lab Report on Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption in Fish Essay Example

Lab Report on Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption in Fish Paper Within fish, the counter-current exchange system allows for the efficient extraction of oxygen from the water by the gills. Basically when a fish takes in water, the flow of it is opposite to the flow of blood. As they rush by each other oxygen from the water is given to the blood (metabolic rate is also effected in animals that remain active because tend to consume more oxygen than those at rest). The size of a fish is relevant to oxygen consumption as larger fish consume more oxygen overall than smaller fish. The primary objective of this experiment is to note the effects of temperature on the oxygen consumption and ventilation rates of goldfish. We hypothesize that the ventilation rate of those fish that are subjected to warmer water temperatures versus colder temperatures will have a higher ventilation rate. The Fish in the warm water will consume more oxygen than the fish in the cold water. Overall oxygen will be mostly consumed by the fish that are in the warm water. MATERIALS METHODS Split into groups of two, we were given Goldfish fairly similar in weight. We then transferred the fish to the appropriate jar from the beaker that was used to sigh them and added sufficient amounts of water to fill their capacities. After about 10 minutes, we hastily added the sponges to the jar pushing it halfway down the jar to assure no oxygen had entered the empty spaces between the water and the sponge. We then refilled the jars with the appropriate amounts of water and allowed a small amount to overflow. We then quickly placed the calibrated oxygen probes on and took the initial readings for the ventilation rate (Ventilations per minute), oxygen concentration (MGM/L) and temperature (co) for O minutes. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption in Fish specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption in Fish specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report on Ventilation and Oxygen Consumption in Fish specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ventilation rates are in direct correlation with temperature. Graph II. Oxygen Concentration of Group and Class. Warm water shows a trend f less oxygen concentration while cold water shows a higher concentration of oxygen. Graph Ill. Oxygen Consumption of Group and Class. The trend shows that fishes consume more oxygen in warm water, except after the 30 min. Interval. DISCUSSION In Graph l, as predicted the fish in the warm water will have a higher rate of ventilation compared to fish in the cold water. The Class Mean of Ventilation Rates showed an overall significant difference where the fish in warm water has a high ventilation rate than the fish in the cold water. In Graph II, as predicted the fish in warm water used up more oxygen and thus ad a lesser concentration than the fish in the cold water as their body processes slow down and oxygen is conserved itself. There was an error as oxygen concentration increased after 30 minutes for the fish in warm water as some how it seemed as if more oxygen was added in the closed container. The result of the fish in the cold water, as predicted showed that oxygen gradually decreased which itself as the body processes of fish slowed down. In Graph Ill, in general the results showed that both the fish in our group and by the class standard had something go wrong as for the warm fish, oxygen munitions should have remained stable over periods of time, and the oxygen consumption of the fish in the warm water should have over all been higher as the fish in the cold water slow down their metabolic and respiratory processes. In both interpretation of the data, oxygen consumption increased and decreased repeatedly. Meaning oxygen was somehow added to the beaker containing the fish. This error may have happened through individual groups not properly securing that their sponge had no air bubbles within it, before replacing it back into the beaker with the water. This may have possibly been responsible for the Geiger concentration of oxygen therefore interfering with our results. Also for every group their opposing fish in similar weight, were not identically the same size, each fish was a mere estimate one another. This may have tempered results as fish that are generally larger in size consume more oxygen. As a fish ventilates, it absorbs oxygen and within a closed chamber (as conducted by this experiment) the amount of oxygen present decreases. Metabolic rates depend on temperature. As temperature increases the rate of oxygen consumption increases too, although an increase in temperature demands efficient amount of oxygen. ABSTRACT Oxygen is just as fundamentally vital for fishes as it is for the well-being of Humans. In this Lab we examined if varying the temperature of the water had caused a change in the ventilation rate and oxygen consumption of Goldfish. In this experiment we hoped to demonstrate the effect of temperature variance on the ventilation rates of Goldfish. This was done by having two fish (similar in weight) respectively placed in tanks of differing water temperature. One tank filled with water 25 degrees Celsius (room temperature) and another tank with eater of 15 degrees Celsius. We then measured ventilation rate and oxygen consumption. The results showed that the fish placed in the warmer water had a higher ventilation rate than those that were placed in the colder water. They also expended more oxygen having lesser concentration than the fish in the colder water. There is however, a probability of error. Firstly, because our fish were not completely identical in weight and secondly, when placing the sponge into the jar containing fish there may have still been oxygen bubbles within it that may have manipulated our results.